Different perspective of Mongolian

This Chapter 11 documents was very interesting because they did not had their own written language.  It talks about Mongolian history and different perspective for different people about their leader, how the systems run, and Mongolian culture.

The Secret History of the Mongols

Temujin and Jamugha are the two leaders and the decided to be friends. Their friendship got strong that they spent over night together and share one blanket. They had very close relationship like brothers. In my opinion they are just close friend. However, many people in the US that think that if he and he or anyone out of family spent time and sleep together we think of them as a lovers. When I was in guy and guy or girl and girl holding their together and hug each other is very normal. But when I came here people think it differently. So it is important to understand their culture before we make a judgment since different culture have different meanings.

Mongolia

     This chapter talks with Chinggis Khan who was the Mongolia leader. At begin this chapter discussion about how Chinggis Khan how his soul was lost for many centuries. For all those centuries his soul was in spirit banner in Buddhist monastery. However, during 1930's Mongolia got under control by communist, Soviet Union. Chinggis Khan Soul got disappeared. In twentieth century his reincarnation in Mongolia and the Communism was going away. In 2006 they celebrated the eight-hundred years of the Mongolia Empire was found. Moreover, this chapter talks about economies that production. They were relying on livestock like goats, camels, horses, cattle, sheep, and more.

      Pastoral societies have very difficult agriculture because of the land mark which mean they produce less and did not had much economic support. They provide resources to far less populations comparing to agricultural society. Therefore, they use the advantage of large animals which need large grazing areas. On the other hand, Pastoral societies have very small populations than the agriculture societies who had more land. This people travel very often. Furthermore, this tribe people live far from each other rather than living in villages, towns and have community. However, the tribe comes together in special occasions. For me this was very interesting because I use to think that people prefer to live in community with other people instead of living far away from other people. But in this society it is opposite where they live far from one another. 

     Mongolian did not had their own religion. They did not impose religion. However, people get introduce to new religions. Overtime, they adopted Buddhism, Islam, Christianity and Manichaeism. In my opinion, I think in earlier period many societies did not had their own religion, but we learn and observe other people, so we adopt the religion. 

     This is one of the societies where women had a higher status than women in most of the society. They is very few restrictions on what they could do or no. However, women contribute more to the societies and they have a higher role in public activities. They were more equal. It is very interesting how society who hunter gathering or society who don't do much agriculture gender roles are more equal than agriculture or moral society. 

     In Pastoral societies there is cultural difference, but they have strong connection with agricultural societies. In this Mongolian Societies Chinggis Khan play very important role because male and female were more equal and both gender could fight in war, which help create stronger states and bring the unity between both men and women.

      For me this chapter was very interesting because my family believed that our old ancestors are from Mongolia and our tribe went to India than Nepal and Bhutan. While I was reading there were some similar beliefs and some words like lamas mean the same thing the religious teachers. Moreover, my dad and my dad side grandparents speak our language which is very different from the language we speak (Nepali). 

The Worlds of Islam

In Muslim teaching the purpose of human life is to present well to Allah. In Muslim there is only one God name Allah. Muhammad lbn Abdullah was the messengers of Allah. Muhammad Ibn Abdullah was born in Mecca and his parents died when he was young. His uncle adopt him and he work for his uncle. Growing up he was spirituality, trustfulness and many people respect him. He marry a fourty year wealthy widow and later he marry many women. Later Mohammad beginning to proclaim a message about Allah. He started telling his friends and families the story about going to cave and all. They started believing on him and more people believed on him. Today many people n different parts of the world follow Mohammad.

Today around the world people with different race are Muslim and in the world population 22 percent consider themselves Muslims. There is many mosques (place were Muslim people pray) and millions of people are Muslim in the United Stated; the second largest population is Muslims in the US. After the attacks in the US in 2011, the US milliliters went to Afghanistan and Iraq. The Arab spring rise, there was a revolution/civil war in Arabic countries. Furthermore, Osama bin Laden killed many people. Muslim is one of the largest population.

The Worlds of Christendom

The Worlds of Christendom, was very interesting chapter, this chapter discuss about how Christianity influence people around the world. In the beginning of the chapter it talks about how a Chinese women name Yao Hong talking about what makes her change the religion from Buddhist to Christianity. She believed that God blesses the United States and England that’s why the churches are rich. Therefore, she is praying for China. In twentieth centuries many countries in different part of the world people are converting their religion from their religion into Christianity.

Xuanzang traveling from China to India.

Chinese Buddhist monk name Xuanzang who was traveling for China to India to learn about Buddhism. He learned about Bodhi tree where Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment. In Xuanzang journey in Western Region, he was also learning about how the system was functioning. One of the things he learns was about the cast system and how it works. For example, Brahman has the highest power than anyone in the society. They are much respected because they did well in their earlier life and they are very pure. Other classes are below Brahman. Moreover, Xuanzang  also observed and learned that in India once women get marry they were not allow to marry, but man can marry as many as they want. Xuanzang journey to India was longer than a decade. However, comparing to today it was very long because today it takes only few hours. Back then everything was longer because of the transportation. Therefore, it was very hard to get connected with people around the world. Today people feel very connected with other people around the world due to advance technology.

Trading System

Exchanging goods change the human history and every society produce and import and export their goods. All Regions have different productions. For example China have great source of silk, India have spices, cotton and more, Middle East have dates, nuts, dried fruits and more. We import and export goods and production from all around the world and today long distance trade has been very common and has become very important in our societies and people. Consummation shaped our daily life and it make our life easier. 

China: China produce silk, bamboo, paper, gun power, and more. This significance of the silk road is there is a impact on culture; there was cultural influence. For example, Christianity spread in china and Buddhism was struggling. For many years women were making large contribution to their household economy, silk industry, and to the states; they were the main labor.

Silk road: There was exchange across Eurasia. The landmass of Eurasia has been home for large number of people and have the world most agricultural productive and was the largest civilization and more. Beside the separation of societies and culture, there was networking among people who have different race, religion and more. In the Eurasian history, the silk road provides the unity and it bring people together. There was a great demand of silk and cotton from India by Roman Empire. The growth of the silk road help exchange the agriculture product and producer.

In my opinion there is both positive and negative factor of trading, Good factor is that we get connected with people around the world and we get to buy and sell the resources; trading make our life much more easier. However, trading also affected the workers. For example, people who have small business produce and sell their product for living, but the bigger business for countries like the US, China goes and take over small business for low price, which attract more people and still make profit. Trade in some societies has become the the social capable or moving.

The ways women and men are treated? Chapter 5 - Doc

I enjoy reading this document, especially the gender roles in different societies. In China the Confucius said very little about women. Confucius idea about men is that they should have all the power in the society and home. It's men dominated society when men have unlimited choices and women have very limited choices and opportunity. For example, men work out side the house, while women stay home do all house chores and make her husband and elders happy. I found it very interesting in Confucius philosophy that it is important for women to have an education not because they can be independent; women/girls get educated so they can serve/help their husband. It is sad how after women having an education, they have to stay under control by their husband.

Lesson for Women 
Ban Zhou wrote the Lesson for Women. Ban Zhou received an education and got married on early age. She had few children and her husband died. She did not remarried because it was a tradition for widow not to get married. When I was reading this, it reminded me of my society where if wife die than husband get to marry another women. However, in past if husband die than wife had to jump on the fire.Than it changed into if husband die than she don't have to jump on the fire, but society see her (wife) bad and she have to face lot of obstacles Moreover, she is seen as bad luck and she can't remarry. It is very bad and disturbing, but these tradition started changing into modern. In the Lesson for Women Ban talks about the custom when the girl born. For example, after 3 days of the birth of a girl there is three rituals. First, the baby girl place under the bed which mean she is weak and low. Second is to give her potsherd to play which mean that she will be doing labor(working in the house). Third, to announce her birth to ancestors by giving, which mean she will be fulfilling her primary duty.This is how they train when they were small which makes it harder to have change in this society.

This story reflect to many women in Confucius society as well as other women around the world. Not everything is fear in most of the societies and it's not perfect, but it's running from generation to generations. However, to bring change and move as a whole society or country both men and women should work together for equality.

In Rome husband was the held over family. Women opinion did not value much and men use to make public and private decisions. Everything was very restricted that women/wife had to ask the men what they want.
If I would ask to leave in one of these society, I would choose to live in India because as a women life is very hard and men take control over everything. But if you became Buddhist monk, than in India women have more freedom and respect than other society.