Introduction to Part Two

I enjoy reading introduction to Part Two because it shows how second and third civilizations is from first civilization. There was not much difference. For example,  men had more power than women, therefore both house and society was run by men.The population grew constantly. In India cast system was growing rapidly. Moreover, there was no technological or economic was invented in human societies.
In human history agriculture was the turning point and later there was a industrialization which make the world whole different place. Agriculture and industrialization change the whole economic system and people started trading. The world became very different looking back to first civilization.

Chapter II - Documents

In the ancient civilization writing was very important. People who did understand had to rely on other people information's. At that period writhing was the weapon. Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the oldest writing. This book is about how the beast change into human. Enkidu men who live in the forest and he did not knew anything about human beings. He was like an animal who eat grass, while other people eat bread and drink beer. Enkidu fall in love with a women and she help Enkidu to be a civilized human being. She took Enkidu to city to challenged Gilgamesh  because he was a bad king. However, they became best friend. Enkidu goes to his journey and he died by disease. Gilgamesh  did not understand why Enkidu die, than he leaned that part of being human is you die one day; can't be mortal.

The Law Code of Hammurabi was very interesting. I feel like there was law for everything. People change the laws when they started changing, but there are still some law have same concept with few changes.  For example, in 1899 B.C.E if the house fall and anyone get killed than the house builder "shall be put to death..." but today in the US if the house fall and anyone gets killed than the house builder will sue. In my opinion I think there is more consequences for women than men, but there are some laws which protect women. For example, in the world there is some societies where women can't speak for themselves and women are always wrong. If there is quarrel between husband and wife, and she want to septate from husband, than society and her families reject and she will have very difficult life. However, in The Law Code of Hammurabi if there is a fight between husband and wife; if the judge find out that wife guiltless and there is no mistakes on her side than she will be free from her husband. She can take her dowry and go back to her father house. We are not a perfect human being and we make mistakes. However, if we cross our limits than we have to face the consequences as well.

Chapter II

Agriculture was the structure of the first civilizations. After that people started learning about wealth which divided people with status and power. Agriculture was mostly depend  regions. Robert Carneiro also talk about how good agriculture had a limited land ether by "geography or by powerful society" There was inequality among human beings. Furthermore, earlier people started inventing technology which help create more product and economic went up.  At the same time there was a slavery. "People owning people" is from earliest civilization to nineteen century. For example, in earlier civilization the working family had to work very to live their life and there was not much freedom. It was not easy to change classes unless you marry with rich person. On the other hand, upper classes enjoy their wealth. Most of the societies systems were organized by hierarchy.

After reading chapter 2 the most interesting I found was that  in first civilization there was gender different. I understand that all culture have different value and belief about gender roles. For example, in hunter gathering and horticultural equal values in gender. However, there is other societies/culture where there is different roles of both men and women. For instead, men is the head of the household,he have more power and he control home and society. He is like a bread winner. However, women listen to men order and he have to work in house and take care of family.Women started braking the rules and many people were against women having power and equality. Over time the culture started changing as well as gender roles.

Earlier civilization

Civilization was a time of human forming society. For the first time, large number of people came together and started developing community and leaders. Around the world people started producing foods and started writing. In 900 B.C.E there was a first written language in America. At that time agriculture was the foundation of economic. Wealth, power, and status divided the people of civilization and started facing inequality. For example, in South Asia there was a cast system. On the other hand, written language made it easier for historians to know about earlier histories. But before the historian had to predict the information because there were not much evidence. Today people can still survive with technologies like car, phone, and internet, but technology are making people life. I think we have to change when the time change other wise we will be behind. The time part our past cultures and thoughts of people are changing for 'better.'

Nisa

Nisa is a story about a women who live in hunt gathering society in Africa. Nisa book discuss about Nisa life and her tribe. Her tribe name is Kung and people hunter-gatherer. Most of the time men hunt big game,while women collect food from the forest. They rely on wild resources like wild berries, animals and other wild foods. Still today there is not much cultural beliefs are changed and they still hunting and gather foods. It was very interesting how they play sexually when they are young. If he/she is unhappy with marriage than they get married with other person. Furthermore, married couple had still had relationship with other men or women. It was also interesting how both men and women learned healing with ritual cure the pain. When Nisa father hunt and bring home animals to eat; it makes her heart happy. They do not have much, but they still are very with their happy. After reading Nisa it seems like if people have more than people become very selfish and they have more desire and you never satisfied. However, if you have little than you find happiness in small things. It is very important to thank full and be happy on what we have.